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1.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 72(3): 245-249, jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115550

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Los tumores neuroendocrinos (TNE), son tumores compuestos por células productoras de péptidos y aminas. Los TNE gástricos, representan el 1% de todas las neoplasias, sin embargo su incidencia ha ido en aumento. Son generalmente asintomáticos y no funcionantes. El tratamiento es generalmente la resección local. Caso Clínico: paciente de 48 años con sospecha de cáncer gástrico; su estudio demuestra un TNE gástrico bien diferenciado tipo 1. Se realiza etapificación y se define en comité oncológico la vigilancia endoscópica. El hallazgo de un TNE, en el estudio de cáncer gástrico, es un hallazgo poco frecuente. Debido al aumento progresivo en la realización de endoscopías digestivas altas, secundario a la alta prevalencia de cáncer gástrico en nuestro país, se espera que aumenten hallazgos como un TNE. Es por esto que realizamos una revisión de la literatura y planteamos algunas conclusiones al respecto.


Introduction: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are composed of cells that produce peptides and amines. Gastric NETs represent 1% of all neoplasms; however their incidence has been increasing. They are usually asymptomatic and non-functioning. The treatment is usually local resection. Case Report: We present the case of a 48-year-old patient who was suspected of gastric cancer; her study shows a well-differentiated type 1 gastric NET. Staging is performed and endoscopic surveillance is defined in the oncology board. The finding of a NET, in the study of gastric cancer, is a rare finding. Due to the progressive increase in the performance of upper gastrointestinal endoscopies, secondary to the high prevalence of gastric cancer in our country, it is expected to increase findings as a NET. That is why we conducted a review of the literature and made some conclusions about it.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Neuroendocrine Tumors/diagnosis , Neuroendocrine Tumors/etiology , Neuroendocrine Tumors/therapy , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/physiopathology , Stomach Neoplasms/therapy , Incidence , Medical Oncology/methods , Neoplasm Staging
2.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 72(2): 101-106, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092899

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción El cáncer diferenciado de tiroides (CDT) presenta un aumento a nivel mundial. El uso selectivo de terapia con radioyodo (RAI) es un pilar de su tratamiento. Su efecto terapéutico se debe a la radiación beta, mientras que la gamma hace que sea necesaria la hospitalización para limitar la exposición de terceros. Objetivo Describir la seguridad de la administración de altas dosis de RAI en pacientes con CDT. Materiales y Método Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Se incluyó a todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de CDT que requirieron hospitalización para administración de RAI ≥ 30 mCi en el Hospital Regional de Talca (HRT) entre agosto-diciembre de 2018. Resultados Durante el período descrito 10 pacientes recibieron RAI bajo régimen hospitalario. La mediana de dosis de RAI administrada fue de 100 mCi (rango: 50-150 mCi). Todos los pacientes fueron manejados con asilamiento estricto. El promedio de hospitalización fue 28 horas, siendo dados de alta al reportar una tasa de dosis absorbida < 70 µSv/h a 1 metro. Se entregaron instrucciones al alta para minimizar el riesgo de irradiación o contaminación a terceras personas. Conclusiones Nuestro protocolo de administración de RAI permite tratar de manera segura a pacientes con CDT disminuyendo la exposición a radiación de terceros. Las salas de asilamiento de radioyodoterapia, podrían dar cobertura al 100% de la demanda de terapia con RAI en CDT a nivel local.


Introduction Differentiated thyroid cancer (CDT) presents an increase in global levels. The selective use of radioiodine therapy (RAI) is a pillar of its treatment. Its therapeutic effect is due to beta radiation, while gamma makes hospitalization necessary to limit exposure. Aim To describe the safety treated with RAI inpatients and the functioning of the radioactive isolation rooms of our center. Materials and Method Retrospective descriptive study. All patients diagnosed with CDT who required RAI therapy under a hospital regimen at the Regional Hospital of Talca (HRT) between August-December 2018 were included. Results During the period described, 10 patients were treated. The median dose of RAI administered was 100 mCi (range: 50-150 mCi). The average of hospitalization was 28 hours, being discharged when reporting an absorbed dose rate < 70 μSv/h at 1 meter, giving the patient instructions, so that they follow to minimize the risk of irradiation or contamination of people in their environment. Conclusions Our RAI administration protocol allows patients with CDT to be treated safely. The radioactive isolation rooms could cover 100% of the demand for RAI therapy in CDT at the local level.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Duration of Therapy , Iodine Radioisotopes/administration & dosage
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(7): 887-890, jul. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058618

ABSTRACT

Background: The use of systemic chemotherapy has survival and palliation benefits in oncological patients. Mortality at 30 days after the administration of systemic chemotherapy is considered as a quality and safety indicator of oncological patient care. The international mortality threshold is 5%, which is the figure used to compare institutions. Aim: To assess mortality at 30 days after the administration of ambulatory systemic chemotherapy in a regional referral center in adult cancer patients. Material and Methods: Retrospective observational study of patients receiving ambulatory systemic chemotherapy in the oncology service of a regional public hospital during 2018. The 30-day mortality rate was calculated. Demographic characteristics, baseline disease and the treatment received were recorded. Results: During the study period, 690 patients received ambulatory systemic chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was palliative in 76% of patients and 53% received a first line treatment. Seventeen (2.5%) died within 30 days of treatment administration. Nine deaths (52.9%) were definitely related to treatment and sepsis was the most frequent cause. Conclusions: Our mortality rates are similar to international data. This type of audit reviews local outcomes and identifies factors contributing to mortality aiming to improve standards of care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Retrospective Studies
4.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 71(2): 145-151, abr. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058247

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La laringectomía total es el tratamiento de elección del cáncer de laringe avanzado, requiriendo en ocasiones asociar una resección parcial o total de la faringe para su manejo. El defecto faríngeo, puede repararse con colgajos libres o pediculados, teniendo estos últimos la ventaja de ser simples, confiables y resistentes a la radioterapia. OBJETIVO: Presentar los resultados funcionales de una serie de pacientes tratados con faringolaringectomía y reconstrucción faríngea con colgajo pediculado. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se revisaron registros de pacientes con laringectomía total más faringectomía parcial y reconstrucción con colgajo pediculado en el Hospital Regional de Talca entre 2009 y 2017, encontrando 6 casos de los cuales 4 se encontraron vivos al momento de iniciar el estudio. Se realizó videofluoroscopía para evaluar deglución, presencia de estenosis y/o fístulas, además, de evaluación nutricional y encuesta de calidad de vida. RESULTADOS: En el estudio de la deglución por fluoroscopía, todos los pacientes presentaron escasa retención del material de contraste en la hipofaringe y esófago cervical, lo cual está en relación con cambios morfológicos posquirúrgicos, sin afectar significativamente el mecanismo deglutorio. Todos los pacientes se encontraron eutróficos en su evaluación nutricional y sin evidencias de alteración de su calidad de vida secundaria a la deglución. CONCLUSIONES: La reconstrucción faríngea parcial con colgajo pediculado en pacientes con laringectomías totales asociadas a faringectomía parcial permite una deglución adecuada y sin disfagia, con un estado nutricional eutrófico.


INTRODUCTION: Total laryngectomy is the treatment of choice for advanced laryngeal cancer and after radiotherapy failure. In patients with pharyngeal invasion, it is associated with total or partial pharyngectomy, wich defect can be repaired with free or pedicle flaps. AIM: To present a brief series of pedicle flap reconstruction approach after pharyngolaryngectomy in laryngeal carcinoma patients and functional outcomes MATERIALS AND METHOD: We looked at laryngeal cancer patient records who were treated with total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy and pharyngeal reconstruction with pedicle flap at "Hospital Regional de Talca" between the years 2009 and 2017, finding 6 cases, 4 of which were alive at the beginning of the study. We analized videoflourocopy swallow studies to assess mechanisms of deglutition, and presence of stenosis or fistulas. We also performed a nutritional state assessment and a quality of life questionnaire. RESULTS: During videodeglutition study, the 4 patients showed minimal contrast swallow delay at hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. All the patients were found eutrophic in their nutritional assessment and with no significant evidence of quality of life disturbances secondary to deglutition state. CONCLUSIONS: Partial pharyngeal reconstruction using pedicle flaps in patients who underwent total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy allows to maintain an adequate deglutition without dysphagia, as well as a good nutritional state.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Pharyngectomy/methods , Surgical Flaps , Pharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Laryngectomy/methods , Quality of Life , Fluoroscopy/methods , Nutritional Status , Retrospective Studies , Recovery of Function , Deglutition/physiology , Length of Stay
5.
Rev. chil. cir ; 70(6): 510-516, dic. 2018. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978023

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las resecciones hepáticas mayores pueden presentar una alta morbimortalidad en relación al sangrado intraoperatorio. La utilización de la maniobra de Pringle permite disminuir esta complicación a costa de un daño por isquemia-reperfusión. Una estrategia para minimizarla es el uso de corticoides perioperatorios. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de metilprednisolona en dosis bajas (< 500 mg) en pacientes sometidos a resección hepática mayor con maniobra de Pringle en la incidencia de daño por isquemiareperfusión, morbilidad y mortalidad perioperatoria. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo utilizando la base de datos de hepatectomías entre los años 2000 y 2015. De un total de 171 resecciones hepáticas mayores, 62 utilizaron clampeo vascular. Se establecieron dos grupos: (A) aquellos que recibieron metilprednisolona inmediatamente previo al clampeo (n = 27) y (B) pacientes sin metilprednisolona (n = 35). Se evaluó el daño por isquemia-reperfusión por alteración de las pruebas hepáticas en los días 1, 3 y 5. Resultados: Los pacientes del grupo A tuvieron mayor tiempo de isquemia (43 + 3,3 vs 27 + 2,1 min, p < 0,05) que el grupo B, con una significativamente menor elevación de las fosfatasas alcalinas y bilirrubina en los días 1 y 5 poshepatectomía. No se observó diferencias en la magnitud del sangrado y no hubo diferencias en morbimortalidad. Conclusiones: La utilización de dosis bajas de metilprednisolona parece disminuir el impacto del DIR relacionado a la resección hepática bajo clampeo vascular, evitando los efectos adversos de la administración de esteroides en dosis altas.


Introduction: Liver resections may be associated with high morbidity and mortality due to intraoperative bleeding. Pringle maneuver reduces this complication at the expense of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Current strategies to minimize reperfusion injury include the use of perioperative corticosteroids. Objective: To assess the use of methylprednisolone in low doses (< 500 mg) in patients submitted to major hepatic resection under Pringle maneuver in the incidence of ischemia-reperfusion injury, peri-operative morbidity, and mortality. Material and Methods: Retrospective study from the liver resections database undertaken between the years 2000-2015 in our center. One hundred and seventy-one major liver resections were done, in 62 under Pringle maneuver. Two groups were established: (A) Patients administered methylprednisolone immediately before Pringle maneuver (n = 27) and (B) those without steroid (n = 35). We assessed ischemia-reperfusion injury by measuring liver tests on days 1, 3 and 5. Results: Patients in group A had longer ischemia time (43 ± 3.3 vs. 27 ± 2.1 min, p < 0.05) than those of group B, and significantly lower elevation of serum phosphatase alkaline and bilirubin on days 1 and five post-hepatectomy. We did not observe any difference in bleeding magnitude, and there were no differences in morbidity or mortality. Conclusions: The use of low doses of methylprednisolone seems to diminish the impact of ischemia-reperfusion injury related to major hepatic resection under Pringle maneuver avoiding the adverse side effects of high dose steroid.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Hepatectomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Hepatectomy/adverse effects
6.
Rev. chil. cir ; 70(2): 194-198, 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-990836

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: Los tumores de glándulas salivales son neoplasias poco frecuentes y representan menos del 5% de todos los tumores de cabeza y cuello. El carcinoma mucoepidermoide representa un 10-15% de todas las neoplasias de las glándulas salivales y aproximadamente un 30% de los tumores malignos salivales. El comportamiento biológico y las manifestaciones clínicas de este tipo de tumores son variables y se correlacionan con el estadio y grado histológico, siendo la presencia de metástasis a distancia un hallazgo inhabitual (en especial, en tumores de grado bajo o intermedio). Caso clínico: Paciente de 65 anos de edad con antecedentes de tabaquismo, a quien se diag nostica carcinoma mucoepidermoide de grado intermedio de glándula submandibular izquierda tratado con cirugía más radioterapia adyuvante, y que presenta progresión metastásica hepática y carcinomatosis peritoneal a los 26 meses de seguimiento.


Abstract: Introduction: Tumors of salivary glands are uncommon and comprise of about 5% of all head and neck tumors. Although constituting less than 15% of all salivary gland tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma account for approximately 30% of all malignant salivary gland neoplasms. Commonly these tumours are metastatic to local lymph nodes and distant metastases are rare (especially, in low and intermediate grade tumors). Case report: We report a case of 65 years old man who developed peritoneal carcinomatosis secondary to metastatic dissemination of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the major salivary glands, which is an uncommon occurrence with intermediate grade tumors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/secondary , Liver Neoplasms/secondary
7.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 75(1): 27-34, abr. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-745616

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La hiperplasia condilar (HC) se define como un crecimiento patológico no neoplásico que afecta tanto al tamaño como a la morfología del cóndilo mandibular. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y riesgos del tratamiento quirúrgico de la HC. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo, serie de casos. Se incluyó a todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de HC tratados en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile entre enero de 2010 y febrero de 2014. Resultados: Doce pacientes fueron operados en nuestra institución por HC. El promedio de edad fue 19,3 ± 3,4 años. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue presencia de asimetría facial. Todos los pacientes fueron estudiados con SPECT que evidenció diferencia de captación mayor a 50% ± 3,1% entre ambos cóndilos. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados con condilectomía mandibular alta del lado afectado y en 3 casos, se realizó además cirugía ortognática en el mismo tiempo para corrección de maloclusión dental. La mediana de seguimiento fue de meses 16 (5 a 54 meses). En todos los pacientes se evidenció una mejora en la oclusión dental y simetría facial, con desaparición de la disfunción articular previa. Conclusiones: La HC es una entidad de poca frecuencia. La cirugía es eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de la HC.


Introduction: Condylar hiperplasia is defined as a pathological non neoplastic growth which compromises both size and shape of the mandibular condyle and is characterized by progressive facial asymmetry. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and risks of surgical treatment of HC. Material and method: Descriptive study, cohort of cases. All patients between 2010 and February 2014 with diagnosis of condylar hyperplasia at Hospital Clínico P. Universidad Católica de Chile were included. Results: Twelve patients were operated at our institution because of condylar hyperplasia. Age average was 19.3 ± 3.4 years. The most frequent presentation was facial asymmetry. All patients were studied with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with differential intake more than 50 ± 3.1% between both condyles. All patients were treated with mandibular condylectomy of the affected site and in 3 cases orthognatic surgery was performed at the same time of the condylectomy to correct dental malocclusion. Average follow up was 16 months (5 to 54 months). All patients recovered facial symmetry and occlusion with absence of the previous joint dysfunction. Conclusions: Condylar hyperplasia is an unfrequent condition and surgery is efficient and safe for the treatment of the deformity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Mandibular Condyle/surgery , Mandibular Condyle/pathology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Facial Asymmetry , Hyperplasia/surgery , Hyperplasia/pathology
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 67(2): 199-203, abr. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-745083

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Thyroid surgery rates have tripled over the past 3 decades. Currently, the main postoperative complications of this surgery are vocal fold paralysis because of recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction and hypocalcemia. Case report: We report the case of a 58 years old woman who presented with persistent dysphonia post total thyroidectomy. Laryngeal videostroboscopy evidenced unilateral vocal fold paralysis. We performed a percutaneous injection laryngoplasty with hyaluronic acid achieving significant improvement in voice. Conclusions: Percutaneous injection laryngoplasty with hyaluronic acid is a safe and effective procedure in the management of post thyroidectomy vocal cord paralysis.


Introducción: La tasa de cirugía tiroidea se ha triplicado en las últimas 3 décadas. Dentro de sus complicaciones se encuentra la parálisis de cuerda vocal unilateral secundaria a lesión transitoria o permanente del nervio laríngeo recurrente, lo que se presenta clínicamente como disfonía. Caso clínico: Paciente de 58 años, post tiroidectomía total evoluciona con disfonía persistente. Videoestroboscopia evidencia parálisis cuerda vocal izquierda en posición paramediana, con hiato fonatorio longitudinal amplio. Se maneja con laringoplastía por inyección con ácido hialurónico a cuerda vocal paralítica, logrando mejora significativa de voz. En videoestroboscopia de control al 7º día se evidencia cuerda vocal izquierda en línea media, con borde libre recto, sin presencia de hiato al fonar. Conclusiones: La laringoplastía por inyección percutánea con ácido hialurónico es un procedimiento seguro y eficaz para el tratamiento de la disfonía secundaria a parálisis cordal unilateral post cirugía tiroidea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage , Laryngoscopy/methods , Vocal Cord Paralysis/surgery , Vocal Cord Paralysis/etiology , Thyroidectomy/adverse effects , Dysphonia/surgery , Dysphonia/etiology , Injections
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 143(2): 190-196, feb. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-742570

ABSTRACT

Background: Surgery is an effective method for the management of renal hyperparathyroidism. Aim: To report the clinical presentation and results of surgical treatment of renal hyperparathyroidism. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 58 patients aged 46 ± 11 years with secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT2) and 13 patients aged 53 ± 11 years with tertiary hyperparathyroidism (HPT3), operated at a clinical hospital. Results: In 55 cases (77.4%) the indications for surgery were complications of excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) and in 16 patients (22.6%) a failure of medical treatment. Total parathyroidectomy with intraoperative measurement of PTH (PTHop) plus a forearm parathyroid autograft was performed in 54 (93.1%) patients with HPT2 and in all patients with HPT3. PTHop decreased ≥ 75% in 51 patients (88%) with HPT2 and in 9 patients (69.2%) with HPT3, respectively. Cure of the disease was achieved in 52 (89.7%) and 11 (84.6%) patients with HPT2 and 3, respectively. Median follow-up was 41 months. Five (9.6%) patients with HPT2 and two patients (18.2%) with HPT3 had a recurrence of the disease. Conclusions: In patients with renal hyperparathyroidism, the primary indication for surgery was the presence of complications of PTH excess. A drop in PTHop ≥ 75% from baseline predicts healing in 98% and 100% of cases with secondary or tertiary HPT respectively. Surgery was a safe and effective treatment in both groups.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases/genetics , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Amino Acid Sequence , Atherosclerosis/genetics , Family Health , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Genotype , Linear Models , Molecular Sequence Data , Risk Factors , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
10.
Rev. chil. cir ; 66(4): 313-319, ago. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-719112

ABSTRACT

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPTP) is the most common cause of hypercalcaemia in the ambulatory setting. This condition affects between 0.1 -2 percent of the population. Surgery is the only curative treatment. Objective: The aim of the study is to present our 10-year surgical experience. Methods: Analytical-descriptive study. We included all patients diagnosed with HPTP treated with surgery in our hospital between June 2003 and June 2013. Results: 173 patients underwent surgery for HPTP. The mean age was 57.5 +/- 13.5 years. Asymptomatic in 98 cases (56.6 percent). Resection the abnormal parathyroid glands was performed in all cases with intraoperative PTH monitoring. In 167 patients (96.5 percent) intraoperative PTH declined ≥ 50 percent. The median follow-up was 61 months (1-117 months). Cure was achieved in 169 patients (97.7 percent). Four cases (2.3 percent) had recurrence. Conclusions: Surgery is effective and safe for the treatment of HPTP. A decline in intraoperative PTH > 50 percent predicts cure in 97.7 percent of cases.


Introducción: El hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPTP), es una entidad frecuente que afecta entre el 0,1 y 2 por ciento de la población. La cirugía es el único tratamiento curativo. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y riesgos del tratamiento quirúrgico del HPTP. Material y Métodos: Estudio analítico-descriptivo. Se incluyó a todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de HPTP referidos para cirugía al Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile entre junio de 2003 y junio de 2013. Resultados: 173 pacientes fueron operados en nuestra institución por HPTP. El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 57,5 +/- 13,5 años. La forma de presentación fue asintomática en 98 casos (56,6 por ciento) y sintomática en 75 casos (43,4 por ciento). Todos los pacientes fueron tratados con resección de la o las glándulas hiperfuncionantes con medición de PTH intraoperatoria. En 167 pacientes (96,5 por ciento) se logró caída de PTH intraoperatoria > 50 por ciento. Catorce pacientes (8,1 por ciento) presentaron complicaciones post operatorias. La mediana de hospitalización fue de 2 días (1 a 23 días). La mediana de seguimiento fue de 61 meses (6 a 117 meses). Se logró curación en 169 pacientes (97,7 por ciento). Cuatro casos (2,3 por ciento) presentaron recidiva. Conclusiones: La cirugía es eficaz y segura para el tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo primario. Una caída de PTH intraoperatoria > 50 por ciento del valor basal predice curación en 97,7 por ciento de los casos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/surgery , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/pathology , Parathyroid Hormone/analysis , Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods , Postoperative Complications , Recurrence , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(11): 1395-1401, nov. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-704566

ABSTRACT

Background: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) represents approximately 5% of all thyroid cancers. Surgery is the only curative treatment, which includes total thyroidectomy and in most cases, neck dissection. Aim: To report our 10-year experience with surgical treatment of MTC. Material and Methods: Review of medical records and pathology reports of a university hospital. We retrieved data from 28 patients aged 47.2 ± 16 years (21 women) operated for a MTC treated between June 2002 and June 2012. Results: In 20 patients, MTC was diagnosed in the preoperative period. Total thyroidectomy was performed in all cases and included a neck dissection in 24 patients. Median follow-up was 48 (2-120) months. Twenty-five patients (89.2%) achieved complete remission of the disease and three had disease recurrence. There were no deaths during the follow up. Conclusions: The diagnosis of MTC is mainly based on cytology. Total thyroidectomy with neck dissection is the treatment of choice. An early-stage diagnosis is associated with low rates of recurrence and absence of mortality.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Medullary/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Calcitonin/blood , Carcinoma, Medullary/diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Neck Dissection , Preoperative Care , Prognosis , Remission Induction , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroidectomy
12.
Rev. chil. cir ; 64(5): 452-456, oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-651873

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Preoperative T staging of rectal cancer is essential for an adequate treatment strategy. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is one of the available modalities. The reported accuracy of this technique for T staging is variable. This inconsistency might be due to neoadyuvancy, and its downstaging properties. Aim: Determine the accuracy of rectal EUS for T staging of middle and lower rectal tumors in patients not treated with neoadyuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Clinical records of all consecutive patients evaluated by rectal EUS between years 2001-2009 in the Catholic University Clinical Hospital were accessed. Of 2.120 patients, 294 had the exam performed for middle or lower rectal cancer. Those who did not receive neoadyuvant chemo-radiation and whose histopathology was available were analyzed. Result: Data was obtained for 69 patients. The overall accuracy of EUS for T staging was 85 percent. For T1 tumors, the sensibility, specificity and accuracy were 82 percent, 96 percent and 94 percent respectively. For T2 tumors the sensibility, specificity and accuracy were 72 percent, 83 percent and 78 respectively. For T3 tumors the sensibility, specificity and accuracy were 82 percent, 83 percent and 83 percent respectively. Conclusion: Rectal EUS continues to be a valuable staging procedure for tumor depth invasion, with an overall accuracy of 85 percent.


Introducción: La estadificación tumoral (T) preoperatoria es esencial para el tratamiento del cáncer de recto. La endosonografía rectal (ER) es una de las modalidades disponibles. La exactitud de esta técnica para la estadificación tumoral es variable en la literatura, y se sospecha que esta inconsistencia se debe a la neoadyuvancia, por el descenso de estadio que esta produce. Objetivo: Analizar la exactitud de la endosonografía rectal para la estadificación tumoral en pacientes con cáncer de recto medio o inferior que no hayan recibido neoadyuvancia. Material y Método: Se estudió a los pacientes sometidos a endosonografía rectal entre los años 2001-2009 en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. De un total de 2.120 pacientes, 294 fueron evaluados por cáncer de recto en tercio medio o inferior. Se analizó el examen de aquellos que no recibieron quimio-radioterapia preoperatoria y se encontraba disponible la anatomía patológica para su comparación. Resultados: Se obtuvo información de 69 pacientes. La exactitud global del examen para la determinación del T fue 85 por ciento. Para la determinación de T1 los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad y exactitud fueron 82 por ciento, 96 por ciento y 94 por ciento respectivamente. Para T2 los valores de sensibilidad, especificad y exactitud fueron 72 por ciento, 83 por ciento y 78 por ciento respectivamente. Para T3 los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad y exactitud fueron 82 por ciento, 83 por ciento y 83 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusión: La endosonografía rectal sigue siendo un valioso examen para la determinación de la profundidad de invasión tumoral en cáncer de recto con una exactitud global de 85 por ciento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Endosonography/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms , Neoplasm Staging/methods , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(4): 478-482, abr. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-553220

ABSTRACT

Among patients with short bowel syndrome, surgical small intestine lengthening techniques are employed to increase the absorptive surface. Among these, serial transverse enteroplasty involves transecting the bowel transversally, preserving the blood supply of the small intestine and creating a longer segment of bowel. We report a 51-year-old woman with a short bowel syndrome and multiple hospital admissions for complications. She was subjected to a serial transverse enteroplasty, increasing small intestinal length from 140 to 180 cm. During the postoperative period, she presented intra abdominal blood collections and a septic episode with bacterial endocarditis. One month after the operation, total parenteral nutrition was discontinued and nutritional and fuid balances were achieved using exclusively the oral route. During the ambulatory follow up, the patient continues with exclusive oral feeding and fve bowel movements per day.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Parenteral Nutrition, Total , Short Bowel Syndrome/surgery , Intestinal Absorption/physiology , Intestines/surgery
14.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(12): 1545-1552, dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-543130

ABSTRACT

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Aim: To describe baseline characteristics, risk factors and clinical outcomes of adult patients hospitalized with pneumococcal pneumonia. Material and methods: Prospective study of adult patients admitted for a community acquired pneumonia in a clinical hospital. Immune deficient patients and those with a history of a recent hospitalization were excluded. Results: One hundred fifty one immuno-competent patients, aged 16 to 92 years, 58 percent males, were studied. Seventy-five percent had other diseases, 26 percent were admitted to the intensive care unit and 9 percent needed mechanical ventilation. There were no differences in clinical features, ICU admission or hospital length of stay among bacteremic and non-bacteremic patients. Thirty days lethality for bacteremic and non-bacteremic patients was 10.9 percent and 11.5 percent, respectively. The predictive values for lethality of Fine pneumonia severity index and CURB-65 (Confusion, Urea nitrogen, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, 65 years of age and older) had an area under the ROC curve of 0.8 and 0.69, respectively. Multivariate analysis disclosed blood urea nitrogen over 30 mg/ dL (odds ratio (OR), 6.8), need for mechanical ventilation (OR, 7.4) and diastolic blood pressure below 50 mmHg (OR, 3.9), as significant independent predictors of death. Conclusions: Pneumococcal pneumonia was associated with a substantial rate of complications and mortality. Clinical presentation and outcome did not differ significantly among patients with and without bacteremia.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bacteremia/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/mortality , Chile/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/mortality , Immunocompetence , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Young Adult
15.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 26(4): 343-349, ago. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-527877

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Studies onMycoplasmapneumoniae infection are scarce in Chile. Objective: To describe clinical characteristics associated withM. pneumoniae in children requiring hospitalization. Material and Methods: All children with a respiratory infection requiring hospitalizations between 2000-2005, whom had aM. pneumoniae specific IgM ≥ 1:32, were analyzed. Results: Fifty children meeting study criteria were identified with an ave-rage length of hospitalization of 4 days (range: 1-10); mean age was 5.4 years (46 percent were younger than 5 years). Common clinical features were cough (92 percent), fever (82 percent), malaise (74 percent) and respiratory distress (72 percent). At admission 40/45 children had hypoxemia. Chest-X ray showed interstitial pattern (69.3 percent), consolidation (51 percent) and hyperinsuflation (28.5 percent). Six patients had pleural effusion. Eighty four percent of patients had a favorable clinical outcome; eight children required admission to the PICU all of whom recovered. Conclusión: Respiratory infections associated withM. pneumoniae in our series of children had a highly variable and non-specific clinical spectrum. Chest-X rays showed different pattern in concordance with previous publications.


Introducción: La infección por Mycoplasma pneumoniae es una condición respiratoria poco estudiada en nuestro medio. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas de los niños hospitalizados porM. pneumoniae. Materiales y Métodos: Se analizaron todos los pacientes hospitalizados por infecciones respiratorias durante el 2000-2005, con IgM específica; se utilizó como diagnóstico de enfermedad por M. pneumoniae la presencia de fluorescencia verde manzana 2 a 3 positivo en títulos ≥ 1:32 diluciones. Resultados: Se analizaron 50 hospitalizaciones, con estadía promedio de 4 días (rango: 1-10); la edad promedio fue 5,4 años (46 por ciento bajo 5 años). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron tos (92 por ciento), fiebre (82 por ciento), compromiso del estado general (74 por ciento) y dificultad respiratoria (72 por ciento). Al momento del ingreso 40/45 presentaron hipoxemia. La radiografía de tórax (RT) reveló infiltrado intersticial (69,3 por ciento), foco de consolidación (51 por ciento) e hi-perinsuflación (28,5 por ciento). Seis presentaron efusión pleural asociada. En 84 por ciento la evolución fue favorable; sin embargo, 8 niños ingresaron a la Unidad de Paciente Critico para monitorización. No hubo decesos Conclusiones: La infección respiratoria asociada aM. pneumoniae en niños produjo manifestaciones inespecíficas y variables de un caso a otro. La RT reveló una variedad de presentaciones similar a lo mostrado en la literatura médica.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/immunology , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/diagnosis , Chile , Hospitalization , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/complications
16.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 25(4): 262-267, ago. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-490641

ABSTRACT

Background: Influenza cause high hospitalization rates and complications in children. Objective: To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza infection in hospitalized children. Patients and methods: In Universidad Católica Hospital, all hospitalizations due to influenza in children aged 15 days to 14 years, ocurring between January 2001 and December 2005 were reviewed. Results: Of a total of 3570 admissions associated with a respiratory illness, 124 (3.5 percent) were due to influenza, of which 75 percent presented between the months of April and June. Median age was 20.5 months (60 percent younger than 2 years) and 24 percent had an underlying risk factor. Most common symptoms were fever (94 percent) and dry cough (61 percent) and 75 percent of the children required oxygen. The most frequent complication was pneumonia (53 percent). The mean duration of hospitalization and oxygen use were 4.4 and 2.5 days respectively. Fifty two children (49.1 percent) received an antibiotic and nine children were admitted to intensive care unit. No deaths were recorded. Conclusion: Influenza virus cause serious complications and affects mostly healthy children younger than 2 years.


Introducción: El virus influenza produce elevadas tasas de hospitalización y complicaciones en niños. Objetivo: Describir el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de los niños hospitalizados por influenza en un hospital universitario. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de las hospitalizaciones respiratorias y por influenza entre enero 2001 y diciembre 2005 en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica. Resultados: Se hospitalizaron 3.570 niños por alguna causa respiratoria, 124 (3,5 por ciento) correspondieron a influenza confirmada, 75 por ciento ocurrieron entre abril y junio. La edad promedio fue 20,5 meses (60 por ciento) < 2 años), 24 por ciento tenían algún factor de riesgo identificado. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: fiebre (94 por ciento) y tos seca (61 por ciento). El 75 por ciento) presentó hipoxemia, siendo la complicación más frecuente la neumonía (53 por ciento). El promedio (días) de hospitalización y oxígeno fue 4,4 y 2,5; respectivamente. En 52/109 se indicaron antibacterianos, 9 niños ingresaron a cuidados intensivos. No hubo fallecidos. Conclusión: La hospitalización por influenza se asoció a serias complicaciones y afecta especialmente a niños sanos menores de 2 años.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Influenza A virus , Influenza B virus , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Hospitals, University , Influenza A virus/isolation & purification , Influenza B virus/isolation & purification , Influenza, Human/drug therapy , Influenza, Human/virology , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology
17.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 24(6): 454-461, dic. 2007. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-470678

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El empiema pleural (EP) es una complicación grave de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC). Objetivos: Describir las características de los pacientes hospitalizados por EP en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital de la Universidad Católica durante el período 2000-2005. Se identificaron 86 hospitalizaciones por NAC con efusión pleural, practicándose en 59 (70 por ciento), al menos una toracocentesis. Se consideró EP a la presencia de pus, tinción de Gram con bacterias, cultivo positivo o pH < 7,10 en el líquido pleural, siendo las efusiones para-neumónicas los controles. Resultados: Se analizaron 24 EP y 25 controles [promedio 2,9 años (rango: 8 meses - 14,3 años)], 78 por ciento de edad inferior a 5 años con diferencia entre los grupos EP y controles [1,6 vs 3,3 años, respectivamente (p = 0,01)]. El promedio global (días) de síntomas previo al ingreso en los EP fue 7 (rango: 2-21), siendo los más frecuentes fiebre (100 por ciento) y tos (96 por ciento). Se identificó algún microorganismo en 15/24 EP, Streptococcus pneumoniae fue el más frecuente (n: 9). En 48 niños, el manejo inicial fue conservador, requiriéndose cuatro rescates quirúrgicos luego del cuarto día. El promedio (días) de hospitalización fue significativamente superior en el grupo EP vs controles [15 (rango: 5-38) vs 9 (rango: 3-16) (p < 0,01)]. Requirieron drenaje pleural 83 por ciento del grupo EP y 36 por ciento de los controles (p = 0,002). No hubo diferencia en el número de días de empleo de oxígeno [6 vs 4,5 (p = 0,36)] o drenaje pleural [3 vs 2,5 (p = 0,29)]. No se registraron fallecidos. Conclusión: El EP en niños fue una condición respiratoria aguda que se asoció a estadías hospitalarias prolongadas, especialmente en los de menor edad, no requiriéndose, en la mayoría, una intervención quirúrgica de rescate.


Introduction: Pleural empyema (PE) is a serious complication of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Objectives: To describe the clinical profile of hospitalized patients with PE in the pediatric ward of the Catholic University Hospital between 2000-2005. Patients y methods: Retrospectively, all pediatric admission due to CAP and pleural effusion (86 children) were identified. In 59 (70 percent) children > 1 thoracocentesis were performed. We considered PE as the presence in the pleural effusion of pus, and/or a positive gram strain and/ or positive culture, and/or a pH < 7.10. Children with effusions not meeting any criteria were used as controls. Results: Twenty four PE and 25 controls were identified, with a global mean age of 2.9 years (range: 8 months to 14.3 years); 78 percent were < 5 years, with a significant difference between PE and controls [1.6 vs 3.3 years (p = 0.01)]. The mean duration of symptoms in PE patients before admission was 7 days (range: 2-21), and the most frequent symptoms were fever (100 percent) and cough (96 percent). In 15/24 cases a microorganism was identified being Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 9) the most common. In 48 patients management was conservative and in 4 surgical procedures were required. The mean duration of hospitalization was significantly higher in the PE group vs controls group: 15 (range: 5-38) vs 9 days (range 3-16) (p < 0.01). A chest tube was inserted in 83 percent of children with EP compared with 36 percent in the control group (p = 0.002). There were no difference in number of days of oxygen use [6 vs 4.5 (p = 0.36)] or number of chest tubes per child [3 vs 2.5 (p = 0.29)]. No deaths were reported. Conclusion: PE in children represented an acute respiratory event associated with more prolonged hospitalization especially at younger ages; the majority of cases did not require surgical intervention.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Pleural Effusion/etiology , Pneumonia, Bacterial/complications , Case-Control Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/complications , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Empyema, Pleural/diagnosis , Empyema, Pleural/epidemiology , Empyema, Pleural/therapy , Hospitalization , Pleural Effusion/diagnosis , Pleural Effusion/epidemiology , Pleural Effusion/therapy , Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology , Retrospective Studies
18.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 24(5): 377-383, oct. 2007. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-466469

ABSTRACT

Los virus parainfluenza del ser humano (VPIh) son patógenos importantes de enfermedad respiratoria en niños; pese a ello, existe escasa información publicada en Sudamérica dirigida a caracterizar esta infección. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones clínicas y epidemiológicas específicas de los VPIh en niños hospitalizados. Pacientes y Métodos: Se revisaron todas las hospitalizaciones respiratorias (HR) efectuadas en el Hospital de la Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile, durante el período 2001-2004 y sus respectivos estudios virales obtenidos de secreciones nasofaríngeas en aquellos con sospecha de infección viral. Resultados: Se identificaron 3.043 HR siendo 64 (2,1 por ciento) VPUrh La edad promedio fue 13 meses (rango: 1 m-12 a) siendo 77 por ciento) de edad inferior a dos años. VPIh-2 fue el serotipo prevalente (47 por ciento), observándose una tendencia estacional para los serotipos 2 y 3. Las presentaciones más frecuentes fueron sibilancias asociadas a virus (40 por cientoo) y neumonía (30 por ciento). Todas las bronquiolitis se presentaron asociadas a VPIh serotipos 2 y 3. Sólo 17 por ciento de los hospitalizados por VPIh+ (44 por ciento VPIh-1) desarrollaron laringitis. Conclusión: Virus parainfluenza humano puede ser responsable de HR en niños, mostrando una tendencia estacional VPIh-2 y el serotipo 3. Aunque son poco frecuentes como causa de HR, confirmamos su participación como etiología específica de laringitis, bronquiolitis y neumonía, especialmente en niños pequeños.


Background: Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIV) are a common cause of respiratory illness of children but published data on clinical characteristics of hPIV infection in South America is scarce. Objective: To review the clinical presentation and epidemiological features of hPIV in a series of hospitalized children in Chile. Patients and Methods: Retrospective review of clinical charts from all pediatric admissions with a diagnosis of respiratory disease (between January 2001 to December 2004) at the Catholic University Hospital, Santiago, Chile. Nasopharyngeal secretions were tested for hPIV in children admitted with suspected respiratory viral infections. Results: A total of 3,043 respiratory admissions were recorded during the study period; 64 children (2.1 percent) were hPIV positive. Average age was 13 months (range: lm to 12y) and 77 percent> were younger than 2 years. HPIV-2 was the most common type identified (47 percent). A seasonal trend was noted for serotypes hPIV-2 and 3. Acute wheezing (40 percento) and pneumonia (30 percent) were the most common clinical diagnosis in hPIV positive children and 17 percent> hPIV positive children (44 percent> for hPIV-1) were associated with laryngitis. All hPIV positive bronchiolitis were due to serotypes hPIV-2 and 3. Conclusion: hPIV can cause respiratory disease requiring hospitalization; serotypes hPIV-2 and 3 displayed a seasonal trend. Although hPIV is an uncommon cause of severe respiratory infecion requiring hospitalization in children, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of laryngitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia, especially in younger children.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/isolation & purification , /isolation & purification , /isolation & purification , Respirovirus Infections/epidemiology , Rubulavirus Infections/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Respirovirus Infections/diagnosis , Respirovirus Infections/virology , Rubulavirus Infections/diagnosis , Rubulavirus Infections/virology , Seasons , Serotyping
19.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 76(4): 357-362, ago. 2005. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-433001

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Laringotraqueobronquitis (LTB) es una condición frecuente en niños, con escasos estudios publicados en la literatura nacional. Objetivo: Caracterizar los episodios de LTB en nuestra institución. Método: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo del 2001 al 2003. Resultados: 68 pacientes sufrieron 72 episodios de LTB. La edad promedio fue 16,5 meses, 62 por ciento eran varones. La mayoría de los ingresos ocurrieron en otoño (65 por ciento). El número de días promedio de síntomas previo al ingreso fue 2, siendo los más frecuentes estridor (85 por ciento), tos seca (78 por ciento) y fiebre (72 por ciento). La estadía promedio duró 1 día. Se identificó virus Parainfluenza en 12 de 23 inmunofluorescencias. La terapia incluyó adrenalina (100 por ciento), corticoides (96 por ciento), oxígeno (15 por ciento), salbutamol (11 por ciento) y antibióticos (11 por ciento). Las complicaciones fueron neumonía (3 por ciento) y traqueitis bacteriana (2 por ciento). Conclusión: En nuestra serie, LTB fue más frecuente en varones y menores de 2 años, con clara estacionalidad, estadías hospitalarias cortas y un bajo riesgo de complicaciones.


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Bronchitis/epidemiology , Bronchitis/virology , Croup/epidemiology , Croup/virology , Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human , Age Distribution , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Bronchitis/drug therapy , Chile/epidemiology , Croup/drug therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Hospitalization , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Retrospective Studies , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Seasons
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